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Unit Testing vs. Integration Testing: Key Differences

FeatureUnit TestingIntegration Testing
DefinitionTests individual units of code (functions, modules) in isolation to ensure they work as expected according to their specific functionalities.Tests how multiple individual software components or modules interact and exchange data with each other, ensuring seamless communication and collaboration.
FocusInternal logic and behavior of individual code units.Interoperability and data exchange between components.
TimingUsually conducted early in the development cycle, after coding but before other testing stages.Typically conducted after unit testing and before system testing.
Test casesDesigned to cover various input scenarios, expected outputs, and error handling within the specific code unit.Focused on specific interfaces, data flows, and error handling between modules with mockups or stubs for external dependencies.
Tools usedMocking frameworks, unit testing frameworks.Mocking frameworks, integration testing frameworks.
OutcomeIdentifies bugs and errors within individual code units, promoting clean and modular development.Ensures modules work together properly, data is exchanged correctly, and integration flaws are identified before moving to broader testing.
ExampleTesting if a function calculating shipping costs produces the correct output for different addresses and weights.Testing whether the order processing system interacts correctly with the inventory and payment modules ensures accurate data transfer.
DependenciesDependent on the accuracy and completeness of unit tests to ensure proper functioning of individual units or components.Dependent on the stability and correctness of unit-tested components to ensure they integrate seamlessly.
AutomationCommonly automated using testing frameworks like JUnit, pytest, or NUnit to streamline the testing process.Frequently automated using integration testing frameworks or tools to facilitate the execution and analysis of integrated components.
GoodFirms NotesUnit testing is a "white-box" approach, examining the internal code of individual units.Integration testing is a "black-box" approach, focusing on the communication and behavior between components without delving into their internal structure.