Top Blockchain Development Companies
Looking for a leading blockchain development company? Browse the list of top blockchain companies with verified client reviews to assist you in selecting your trusted top blockchain developers. Blockchain development is an innovative concept that enables the creation of a decentralized ledger for digital data. Because blockchain technology is a global database that does not require a central admin, it was initially used to protect financial transactions. However, with new case studies emerging, blockchain solutions have become a new horizon for the IT business market. Choosing the prominent blockchain technology companies for your business idea is now made easy by Goodfirms through the list below:
We have scoured data from several top sources to compile a list of the best blockchain development companies based on their verified client reviews, case studies, team size, market presence, rewards and recognition, expertise and experience, and hourly rates. These companies are based in top-tier countries, such as the USA, India, UK, Canada, Australia, Germany, Singapore, South Africa, New Zealand, and Costa Rica, among many others.
If you are looking for blockchain developers, you have landed on the right platform. The developers listed here have a solid reputation for being exceptionally talented, client-friendly, and delivering ROI-focused blockchain development services that will propel your business to the next level.
List of Top Blockchain Development Companies & Developers
-
We are proud to come to Kuwait after our success in USA, UK, Dubai. Apptology aims to bring new age technology solutions from the west to revolutionise the market. With thousands of apps and solutions already delivered, we are sure to establish ourselves as a market leader for intelligent mobility solutions in Kuwait. Apptology is ... read Apptology Kuwait reviews & insights
$25 - $49/hr10 - 492011Kuwait, KuwaitVerified Client Review
-Working with Apptology Kuwait exceeded our expectations
reviewed by: Mohammad Khalid -
We develop products that are worth more than their money. We know, you are here, because you need a modern and easy-to-use digital solution for your business. And you are on the right track, as we create modern digital products and provide a full cycle for their launch: design, development, promotion and their further supporting. ... read Direlli LLC reviews & insights
$25 - $49/hr50 - 2492019Yerevan, ArmeniaVerified Client Review
-Providing project managment for own and also for outsource projects.
reviewed by: Anush Hakobyan, Project Manager at Direlli LLC -
Welcome to App Maestros! We are excited to see you on our profile. We Build Affordable & Rapid Mobile Application Design. AppMestros is a leading digital technology service provider and consulting company enabling clients to create and execute strategies for digital transformation. We craft innovative, research-based digital experiences that balance form and function and bring ... read App Maestros reviews & insights
$50 - $99/hr1,000 - 9,9992017Berkeley, CaliforniaVerified Client Review
-The app looked great and worked exactly how we wanted, with no bugs or delays.
reviewed by: Avery Mitchell, Brand Management at Global Writers Collective -
Mumbai-based National Infotech is believed to be one of the popular providers of IT services. The professional company is closely structured in such a way to offer more acquirable results and solutions for use in a variety of businesses, encountering problems in the information and technology sector. We have a good and proper coordinating partnership ... read National Infotech reviews & insights
$50 - $99/hr10 - 492014Thane, IndiaVerified Client Review
-Best and Affordable Website and App designers, Developers in India
reviewed by: Ajit singh -
TEQIE is a fast-growing company specializing in custom software, web, mobile, and cloud development services. Our team of experts is committed to providing fast delivery, proficient process, scalable solutions, best security practices, and complete product support after launch. Founded by engineers and managers from companies like Amazon, Google, eBay, and Booking.com,... we understand the impact ... read TEQIE reviews & insights
< $25/hr10 - 492021Toronto, CanadaVerified Client Review
-They went above and beyond to help us with business decisions, provided the data, and developed technical solutions accordingly.
reviewed by: Tuyen Luu, Co-Founder & CEO at SotaTek -
Tecnolynx as the name suggest, strive to be the link between businesses and cutting-edge technologies. We are a business with our commitments to social objectives backed by a stable leadership group and financial background. The profits we make are reinvested in technology research, open-source contributions, new hires, and infrastructure development. We offer career progression, competitive ... read Tecnolynx Global PVT LTD reviews & insights
NA10 - 492018Hyderabad, IndiaVerified Client Review
-Excellent Web Development Service and Amazing UI Design
reviewed by: Rajasekaran Jayaram -
TDC is a trusted provider of custom software solutions, MVP development services, and resource augmentation of engineers. With a focus on innovation, quality, and customer satisfaction, we have established ourselves as a leading player in the software development industry.
$25 - $49/hr10 - 492019Lahore, PakistanVerified Client Review
-Professional company, Quality Work, Best People
reviewed by: Manzoor Parvez -
Welcome to The Leading Digital Agency. We at Lunar Web Solution Create Amazing Business Experiences. The Love for Technology flows in our veins but our passion lies in creating masterpieces out of it.This passion allows us to build versatile and advanced digital products that benefit start-ups, medium-sized businesses, and enterprise with efficient solutions to their ... read Lunar Web Solution Technologies Private Limited reviews & insights
< $25/hr10 - 492018Noida, IndiaVerified Client Review
-Lunar Web team was very prompt in suggesting the functionality for CRM and delivery of CRM solution
reviewed by: Atul Nigam, Head of IT at Sharda Infratech LLP -
HyScaler, a CMMI Level 3 tech consulting group, excels in AI, Blockchain, IT and cloud. They offer scalable solutions across industries, with a diverse team focused on agile problem-solving & innovation. With a successful history of collaborating with elite clients worldwide, HyScaler delivers highly scalable web, mobile, and cloud-based solutions across various industries such as ... read HyScaler reviews & insights
$25 - $49/hr50 - 2492009Santa Clara, CaliforniaVerified Client Review
-A Five-Star Experience with HyScaler
reviewed by: Camilla Spencer -
Golden Owl Solutions is a leading software development company specializing in delivering tailored digital solutions across a wide range of industries. We empower businesses to drive growth and enhance efficiency through cutting-edge technology, precisely meeting expectations—no upselling, no extras, just exactly what you need. Our key services include: UI/UX Design Web Development ERP Implementation E-commerce ... read Golden Owl Solutions reviews & insights
$25 - $49/hr50 - 2492015Ho Chi Minh City, VietnamVerified Client Review
-Best offshore dev team I’ve worked with - skilled, proactive, and delivery was excellent.
reviewed by: Matt Glover, CTO at Know Your Trade -
TechifyHouse is not just a company; it's a journey into the future of technology-driven excellence. Quality Team of Passionate technologist with a vision, we are committed to unlocking the true potential of businesses through cutting-edge digital solutions.At TechifyHouse, our mission is clear – to be the catalyst for your digital evolution. We believe in leveraging ... read Techifyhouse reviews & insights
$25 - $49/hr2 - 92023Vadodara, IndiaVerified Client Review
-Techifyhouse provided high-quality, cost-effective web development services with excellent responsiveness.
reviewed by: Sanjay Pathak, Director at RLBSA Foundation -
Wrexa Technologies pioneers transformative innovations in AI, blockchain, metaverse development, game development, and mobile apps. Their AI solutions revolutionize healthcare and finance, while blockchain expertise drives secure, transparent systems. In the metaverse, Wrexa builds immersive experiences, redefining digital interaction. Their games set industry standards with cutting-edge graphics and innovative gameplay. Across platforms, Wrexa's mobile apps ... read Wrexa Technologies LLC reviews & insights
< $25/hr50 - 2492022Chennai, IndiaVerified Client Review
-Working with Wrexa Technologies has been an incredible experience
reviewed by: Maria Rodriguez -
At arieotech, we believe in the transformative potential of digital tools to reshape businesses and drive growth. Our global consultancy blends creativity with advanced technology to craft top-tier digital solutions. Our expertise spans Artificial Intelligence, Cloud & DevOps, Data Engineering, and Software Development, ensuring we deliver end-to-end solutions that empower organizations to thrive in an ... read Arieotech reviews & insights
$25 - $49/hr50 - 2492020Pune, IndiaVerified Client Review
-Arieotech’s project management was outstanding, characterized by timely delivery.
reviewed by: Vinayak Kulkarni -
Founded in October 2022 and operational since March 10, 2023, Brihat Infotech is a dynamic IT startup that embodies the ethos of "You say, we build it." With a team of over 100 talented professionals, we are rapidly expanding our footprint across Jharkhand, Noida, Delhi, and Gurgaon. At Brihat Infotech, our mission is to drive ... read Brihat Infotech Private Limited reviews & insights
< $25/hr10 - 492022Ranchi, IndiaVerified Client Review
-Karosauda is a effective and user-friendly solution for modern MSME billing and inventory needs.
reviewed by: Devanshu Dev, Intern at Brihat Infotech Pvt Ltd -
In the fast-paced world of business today, digital presence is no longer optional—it's a necessity. Businesses must ensure that they are visible, engaging, and impactful online to stay competitive. When it comes to digital marketing, Bangalore, known as the Silicon Valley of India, is home to some of the most innovative companies. One name that ... read Technothinksup Solutions Pvt. Ltd. reviews & insights
NA2 - 9Bengaluru, IndiaVerified Client Review
-The design process was smooth, with regular updates and a collaborative approach
reviewed by: Emily Watson -
Cyberswind Technologies is serving a vast portfolio of clients in different sectors by providing digital services, compliance assistance and targeted support. Each of the services created and delivered here are seamless, secure, scalable and result-oriented. Our team of project managers, designers, developers, marketing experts and executers is empowered with the most advanced skills, technologies and ... read Cyberswind Technologies reviews & insights
$25 - $49/hr2 - 92020Raipur, IndiaVerified Client Review
-Cyberswind Technologies is a top-tier software and app development company in India.
reviewed by: Kunal Rajput, Maintenance at nadiabazar -
Netsqure Technologies Pvt Ltd is a dynamic software development company specializing in delivering tailored solutions for web and mobile applications, API development, and digital transformation services. With a strong focus on industries such as healthcare, travel, tourism, and technology, we are committed to driving innovation and excellence. Our experienced team delivers end-to-end development services, ensuring ... read Netsqure Technologies Pvt Ltd reviews & insights
$25 - $49/hr10 - 492021Bengaluru, IndiaVerified Client Review
-Exceptional service
reviewed by: Prashant Mohanty, IT Head at Netlead -
On-point digital transformation consultancy, product development, and growth marketing for tech-led success in the Middle East. We are your partner in digital – from ideation to launch and post-launch scalability.
$25 - $49/hr50 - 2492017Dubai, UAEVerified Client Review
-Their communication and timeliness were spot on.
reviewed by: Donald Buck, Assistant Manager at George Esquivel -
As Director of 3dfuzion and Digital Marketing head, Jhoanna Robledo Google analytic and HubSpot authorized analyst with 14 years of professional experience in the info Technology sector has managed all the functional areas of item technology from technique to implementation while reducing costs, improving upon effectiveness, and returning the focus to customer needs from internal issues. With ... read 3D Fuzion reviews & insights
NA10 - 492010Palampur, IndiaVerified Client Review
-3D Fuzion's local SEO services boosted our online visibility and brought more local traffic.
reviewed by: Steven Tyler -
Malgo Technologies is a forward-thinking digital transformation company committed to helping global businesses navigate the evolving technological landscape with precision and innovation. We specialize in building custom, scalable, and future-ready solutions that empower organizations to streamline operations, elevate customer experiences, and lead their industries with confidence. At Malgo, we don’t just build software—we design intelligent ... read Malgo Technologies Private Limited reviews & insights
NA10 - 492024Madurai, IndiaVerified Client Review
-Malgo built Namsho’s e-commerce platform with great quality and professionalism.
reviewed by: Chief Executive Officer at Namsho -
Coder Chaps Limited, your premier technology partner based in Peterborough, UK. At Coder Chaps Limited, we specialize in delivering comprehensive software solutions to businesses of all sizes. From complete web development and app development to custom CRM and ERP solutions, design services, eBook services, digital marketing, brand building, custom software developments, SEO services, and beyond, ... read Coder Chaps Limited reviews & insights
$25 - $49/hr10 - 492019Peterborough, United KingdomVerified Client Review
-Great experience
reviewed by: Burnett Sa, manager at mobile app expert -
We are a globally recognized IT software company that was established in 2015. Our services include innovative website designing, website development, graphic designing, as well as Mobile apps, Game, Xreality development. We also specialize in online marketing services, utilizing cutting-edge strategies to boost your online visibility and help convert traffic into sales.
< $25/hr10 - 492015Karachi, PakistanVerified Client Review
-They were every quick in responding and communicating with me.
reviewed by: Ryan Fiorini, CO- FOUNDER AND CEO at Blinktbi,Inc -
At Gorilla360 Ltd, we offer a full suite of services tailored to meet your business needs, leveraging the latest in technology and innovation. Whether you're looking for IT support, software development, digital marketing, or staffing solutions, we've got you covered. Our team of experts is dedicated to providing top-notch services to help your business thrive ... read Gorilla360 Ltd reviews & insights
< $25/hr10 - 492020London, United KingdomVerified Client Review
-Excellent Team
reviewed by: Managing Director at Billionaires Avenue -
VelonixFuture Technologies is a dynamic IT solutions provider specializing in software development, mobile app development, and website design. We deliver innovative, tailored digital solutions to help businesses thrive in the modern era. Our team combines cutting-edge technology with creative expertise to create impactful and user-friendly solutions that drive success. Partner with us to transform your ... read VelonixFuture Technologies LLP reviews & insights
< $25/hr2 - 92025Kochi, IndiaVerified Client Review
-VelonixFuture Technologies LLP exceeded expectations by delivering a robust and innovative software
reviewed by: abhijith, marketing lead at yujin -
Aimtraction is an AI-native product and transformation bureau that helps companies build a scalable intelligent core beyond just software delivery. We partner with startups and enterprises to design, engineer, and evolve digital systems that remain adaptable under real-world complexity and change. Our strength lies at the intersection of Extreme Programming (XP), AI-enabled architectures, and business ... read Aimtraction reviews & insights
NA10 - 492018Lviv, UkraineVerified Client Review
-Aimtraction turned our vision into reality with rare skill, speed, and founder-level dedication.
reviewed by: William Dyess, Founder & CEO at Deckcraft AI -
Devtrios is a London-based web and mobile app development agency delivering scalable, high-performance digital solutions for startups, SMEs, and growing enterprises worldwide. Our team of 35+ designers, developers, and strategists combines modern technology stacks with a user-first approach, ensuring every product we build is fast, secure, and built to scale. We specialise in: Custom Web ... read Devtrios reviews & insights
$25 - $49/hr10 - 492019London, United KingdomVerified Client Review
-Devtrios delivered a modern website with great design, smooth UX, and strong SEO results.
reviewed by: Anonymous -
We help SMB's to save 30% of operational costs and implement their business ideas by providing Senior Ukrainian Full-Stack Developers, DevOps Engineers and Data Engineers on staff augmentation within 48 hours
$25 - $49/hr10 - 492022Kyiv, UkraineVerified Client Review
-UaSoftDev onboarded 3 engineers in 2 weeks, reducing our launch timeline from 6 months to 6 weeks.
reviewed by: Andrii Solovienko -
Salmore Technology (Engineering Advantage. Delivering Control. Defining the Future.) Salmore Technology is a full-stack design and development agency built on precision, intelligence, and relentless execution. We don’t just design — we engineer systems, platforms, and brands that perform under pressure, scale without limits, and define the future. We deliver end-to-end digital solutions: from websites and ... read Salmore Technology reviews & insights
$100 - $149/hr50 - 2492020Richmond, TexasVerified Client Review
-Absolute BEST!!
reviewed by: Sawyer Wegener -
Triffort Technologies, established in 2009, stands as a beacon of innovation and technological expertise. With a decade of experience, we have honed our skills in providing a wide spectrum of services that encompass Mobile App Development, Web Development, IT Consulting, DevOps, QA & Testing, API Development, UI/UX Design, AI/ML, and Cloud Solutions.
$25 - $49/hr10 - 492009Allahabad, IndiaVerified Client Review
-Muzammil is a great iOS developer
reviewed by: Gunnar Kristoffer Wold, Independent Consultant at Wold Management Consulting -
We are Leading Web Design and Software Development Company, In this we guide & support to startups as well an established companies through Our Best Web Design and Software Development Services,Which is the end result of continue rigorous & thoughtful analysis of our IT team. Who continue involve in latest web technologies. we provide 24*7 ... read Creatoweb reviews & insights
< $25/hr10 - 492013Indore, IndiaVerified Client Review
-Creato web had efficient staff
reviewed by: sumit dadhich, Owner at abhinav bpo pvt ltd. -
Jelvix is a global tech partner with over 15 years of experience for industry leaders, SMEs, and technology disruptors. We have a solid background in both helping startups grow into enterprises and transforming large businesses. Accumulated expertise made us a recognized partner for businesses in Healthcare, Retail Estate, Financial Services, and Investment Companies. Our service map ... read Jelvix reviews & insights
$50 - $99/hr250 - 9992011Tallinn, EstoniaVerified Client Review
-Jelvix Review
reviewed by: Emily Nicholls -
Wipro Limited (NYSE: WIT, BSE: 507685, NSE: WIPRO) is a leading global information technology, consulting and business process services company. We harness the power of cognitive computing, hyper-automation, robotics, cloud, analytics and emerging technologies to help our clients adapt to the digital world and make them successful.
$25 - $49/hr10000+1945Bengaluru, IndiaVerified Client Review
-Shared procurement service
reviewed by: Jayaprakash Ashokan, Founder at TREND BUY -
Online football betting is a form of football betting that can be done easily and conveniently. You don't have to waste time traveling to the stadium or meeting your opponents. And you don't have to wait for the competition overnight. Just come to your favorite online football betting platform and you can bet 24 hours a ... read Symbiont reviews & insights
< $25/hr10 - 492015NYC, New York -
BlockApps mission is to create products that enable developers, startups and enterprises to build and deploy custom applications on blockchains. BlockApps is the leader in Web3Commerce for Business. We unlock the value of real-world assets by making them more trusted, transparent, and fair.
$25 - $49/hr10 - 492015NYC, New York -
Ignite creates custom made business software from mobile applications to large scale information systems. Ignite has been working with blockchain technologies since 2014. We have built cryptocurrencies, created custom software for ICOs, and developed the innovative DAG Chain platform. Our experience also includes blockchain-based smart contracts and digital ID prototypes. We explore new business cases for ... read Ignite reviews & insights
$25 - $49/hr10 - 492010Tallinn, Estonia -
Icoclone is an excellent Crypto Development Company in the blockchain industry. We excel in offering premium blockchain and crypto-related services in a reliable manner to our worldwide clients. So far we have developed and delivered 300+ successful blockchain projects with a 100% success rate. That’s why Icoclone earned more than 150+ happy clients all over ... read ICOCLONE reviews & insights
$25 - $49/hr50 - 2492016Madurai, India -
Coinsclone is a trusted and leading blockchain development company in the FinTech industry. With 7+ years of experience and a dedicated team of experts, we specialize in delivering top-notch blockchain solutions to businesses of all sizes. Our commitment to innovation, quality, and client satisfaction has made us a go-to choice for startups or entrepreneurs looking ... read Coinsclone reviews & insights
$25 - $49/hr50 - 2492016Madurai, India -
Blinking is a multi-factor identity-management tool for secure authentication based on the Hyperledger Fabric blockchain. All private individual data is stored on the blockchain, allowing users to provide access to data per request and revoke access for various services. Blinking provides users with several authentication options - password, facial recognition, and fingerprint scanning.
NA10 - 492017Belgrade, Serbia -
Bitcoin is a new digital currency. We help you understand Bitcoin and integrate this technology into your business. With our new location in Graz we successfully established the first Austrian walk-in office for everything Bitcoin and cryptocurrencies, similar to numerous "Bitcoin embassies" around the globe. Being at the heart of the creative quarter of Graz, ... read Coinfinity reviews & insights
NA2 - 92014Vienna, Austria -
Bankymoon is a software and consulting firm with expertise in Blockchain technologies. We develop bespoke solutions for clients who require Bitcoin and other crypto-currency integrations.
$50 - $99/hr2 - 92014Johannesburg, South Africa -
Backing the best Blockchain-based Crowdsales, ICOs and STOs Worldwide. We are a seasoned team of Tech entrepreneurs and Venture Investors fully dedicated to the development and success of the Crypto-Economy based on the most revolutionary industry since the start of the Internet: the Blockchain technology. e invest in the most revolutionary industry since the start ... read ICONIUM S.p.A. reviews & insights
NA10 - 492018Milan, Italy -
Created in 2007, Amaris is an International Consulting Group specialised in Technologies and Management. We have today more than 60 offices throughout the world. Our mission: We aim at contributing to the operational performance of our clients by acting on their organization, information systems and technologies. Our international network, unique for an Independent Consulting Company, ... read Amaris reviews & insights
$100 - $149/hr1,000 - 9,9992007Rome, Italy -
iprotus - FinTech: Bitcoin Integration and Blockchain Intelligence (KYC/AML). Enabling Compliant Bitcoin Transactions. - PharmaTech: Fighting Falsified Medicines, EU Compliance - Supply Chain. Enforcing Brand Security, Brand Awareness and Customer Relations. Removing Counterfeits. - General Software Solutions: Cryptography, Blockchain Technology and Network Security. Internet Services. - Technical and Strategic Consulting: Connecting the dots between business ... read iprotus GmbH reviews & insights
NA10 - 492015Zug, Switzerland -
Synaphea is a team of blockchain professionals who believe that core blockchain technology has many potential applications in the enterprise. We are focused on creating real-world applications that harness the unique properties of the blockchain. Synaphea provides the tools to facilitate the adoption and intergration of Blockchain technology for business, without assuming the presence of ... read Synaphea reviews & insights
$25 - $49/hr2 - 92016Moshatos, Greece -
Greeneum is a decentralized platform that rewards you for supporting an eco-friendly future. Greeneum leverages cutting edge disruptive technology, including blockchain, smart contracts and targeted machine learning (AI), to create an unparalleled reliable, comprehensive and potentially unlimited data platform for the renewable energy market. Solar and GREEN producers, utility companies, grid operators and users alike ... read Greeneum Network reviews & insights
NA10 - 492016Tel Aviv, Israel -
Atato is a blockchain service provider, building decentralized applications for enterprise customers. Our mission is to evangelize blockchain and build the next generation infrastructure for innovative companies. We partner with Ethereum, Consensys, Modex, and IBM. Founded in 2017 in Bangkok, Atato leads the enterprise innovation on blockchain.
$25 - $49/hr2 - 92017Bangkok, Thailand -
What is The Elephant Platform? The Elephant Platform (formerly PrivatEquity.biz Platform) is a tokenized platform in the private secondary market. It is a bridge between the secondary market investment world and the Blockchain space that allows cryptocurrency holders to diversify their portfolio by getting access to tokens linked to and backed by real assets, such ... read The Elephant reviews & insights
NA2 - 92013Tel Aviv, Israel -
Blocko is a Samsung-backed commercial blockchain provider offering multinational organizations the ability to design, deploy, and manage digital services on a secure distributed network. Enterprise-IT integration and cloud deployment know-how are at the core of its value proposition. The company provides a stable and secure blockchain operating system and an easy-to-use development platform with stable ... read Blocko reviews & insights
NA50 - 2492014Seongnam, South Korea
Confused about which partner to choose?
Let our experts study your requirements and send a curated list of trusted companies.
Get a shortlistWhy Trust Goodfirms
Goodfirms is the world’s leading reviews and ratings company featuring 110,000+ tech companies from across the globe, complete with 80,000+ humanly vetted client reviews, detailed portfolios, hourly rates, employee strength, and more to help you choose your perfect tech partner.
Humanly-Vetted Client Reviews
Our researchers have personally vouched for the authenticity of 80,000+ client reviews by speaking directly with clients, cross-checking project details, timelines, and results to ensure 100% credibility.
Data-Driven Rankings
Data powers our company listings. Every company listed is evaluated based on its expertise, experience, market presence, reviews, and client satisfaction rate, which helps buyers confidently choose the right tech partner.
Global Trust & Recognition
Goodfirms is trusted by 110,000+ businesses in 160+ countries to connect with reliable tech partners. Our reputation is built on 80,000+ verified reviews and rankings you can trust.
Transparency In Detail
From verified client reviews and portfolio highlights to service focus and pricing, Goodfirms provides a 360-degree view of every company, helping 2+ million monthly users find the perfect tech partner.
Trending insights from Goodfirms
Valuable insights from top experts accelerate decision-making.
Everything You Need to Know About Hyperledger Development Services
Discover what Hyperledger development really involves from key frameworks like Fabric and Sawtooth to core services, real-world use cases, and when it makes sense for your business. A simple, practical guide to enterprise blockchain done right.
How Layer-2 Scaling Is Accelerating Blockchain Adoption Worldwide?
Layer-2 scaling is a game-changer in blockchain technology adoption, enabling fast and cost-effective transactions. This blog describes layer-2 scaling nd its merits.
Blockchain In IoT Security: Redefining Security Standards
Leveraging Blockchain in IoT addresses key security challenges hat businesses face such as botnet attacks, ransomware, shadow IoT, limited device management, and weak authentication mechanisms.